O processo civilizador e a busca da excitação no lazer: notas sociológicas / The civilizing process and the quest for excitement in leisure: sociological notes

Este ensaio objetiva discutir alguns aspectos do "processo civilizador" e do quadro teórico desenvolvido para subsidiar a investigação sociológica sobre o lazer. Neste contexto, são apresentadas algumas das críticas dirigidas à teoria figuracional, ao processo civilizador e, por extensão, ao quadro teórico sobre a busca da excitação no lazer. Norbert Elias e Eric Dunning dedicam uma atenção especial ao "espectro do tempo livre", no qual o lazer se contrapõe ao trabalho profissional e a várias outras atividades. Embora o estudo analisado contribua para ampliar o entendimento sobre a importância das emoções para as atividades de lazer, ele é passível de críticas que precisam ser apropriadas pelos estudiosos do lazer interessados nesta temática.

This theoretical essay aims to discuss some aspects of the "civilizing process" and the theoretical framework developed to support sociological research on leisure. In this context, some of the criticisms directed at figurational theory, the civilizing process and the theoretical framework on the search for excitement in leisure are presented. Norbert Elias and Eric Dunning pay special attention to the "Sparetime Spectrum", in which leisure is contrasted with professional work and various other activities. Although the study analyzed contributes to expanding the understanding of the importance of emotions for leisure activities, it is subject to criticism that needs to be addressed by leisure scholars interested in this topic.

Communication between parents diagnosed with cancer and their children: study with data triangulation / Comunicación entre padres diagnosticados con cáncer y sus hijos: estudio con triangulación de datos / Comunicação entre pais diagnosticados com câncer e seus filhos: estudo com triangulação de dados

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the perceptions and feelings of parents diagnosed with cancer in relation to communication with their children between 3 and 12 years old. Method: A cross-sectional, multicenter, with data triangulation, through structured and semi-structured interviews, with a question with a Semantic Differential Scale, carried out with the father or mother with cancer undergoing outpatient treatment in two hospital institutions in the city of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, content analysis, using the ATLAS.ti 8.0R software and the Social Representation Theory. Results: Forty-three respondents participated, 37 (86.0%) were female, 23 (53.5%) aged between 31 and 50 years old, 29 (67.5%) with only children between 7 and 12 years old. The experience was considered painful (73.1%), stressful (53.6%), clear (53.7%) and safe (51.2%). The feelings experienced generated two categories: Trial by fire; and Grateful rewards. Children's reactions from parents' perspective generated the categories: Sadness and suffering; Trust and support; Change of behavior; and Denial or insensitivity. Conclusion: Communication was assessed as negative and conflicting, positive and welcoming, and causing changes in children's behaviors.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar las percepciones y sentimientos de padres diagnosticados con cáncer en relación a la comunicación con sus hijos entre 3 y 12 años. Método: Transversal, multicéntrico, con triangulación de datos, mediante entrevistas estructuradas y semiestructuradas, con una pregunta con Escala Diferencial Semántica, realizadas con el padre o la madre con cáncer en tratamiento ambulatorio en dos instituciones hospitalarias de la ciudad de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva, análisis de contenido, utilizando el software ATLAS.ti 8.0R y la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Resultados: Participaron 43 encuestados, 37 (86,0%) eran del sexo femenino, 23 (53,5%) con edades entre 31 y 50 años, 29 (67,5%) con hijos únicos entre 7 y 12 años. La experiencia fue considerada dolorosa (73,1%), estresante (53,6%), clara (53,7%) y segura (51,2%). Los sentimientos vividos generaron dos categorías: Prueba de fuego; y recompensa agradecida. Las reacciones de los niños, desde la perspectiva de los padres, generaron las categorías: Tristeza y sufrimiento; Confianza y apoyo; Cambio de comportamiento; y Negación o insensibilidad. Conclusión: La comunicación fue evaluada como negativa y conflictiva, positiva y acogedora, y provoca cambios en las conductas de los niños.

RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar as percepções e os sentimentos dos pais diagnosticados pelo câncer em relação à comunicação com seus filhos entre 3 e 12 anos. Método: Transversal, multicêntrico, com triangulação de dados, por meio de entrevistas estruturadas e semiestruturadas, com uma pergunta com Escala de Diferencial Semântico, realizadas com o pai ou a mãe com câncer em tratamento ambulatorial em duas instituições hospitalares da cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva, análise de conteúdo, utilizando o software ATLAS.ti 8.0R e a Teoria das Representações Sociais. Resultados: Participaram 43 respondentes, sendo 37 (86,0%) do sexo feminino, 23 (53,5%) com idades entre 31 e 50 anos, 29 (67,5%) com filho único entre 7 e 12 anos. A experiência foi considerada dolorosa (73,1%), estressante (53,6%), clara (53,7%) e segura (51,2%). Os sentimentos vivenciados geraram duas categorias: Prova de fogo; e Grata recompensa. As reações dos filhos, na perspectiva dos pais, geraram as categorias: Tristeza e sofrimento; Confiança e apoio; Mudança de comportamento; e Negação ou insensibilidade. Conclusão: A comunicação foi avaliada como negativa e conflituosa, positiva e acolhedora, e causadora de mudanças nos comportamentos dos filhos.

PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTION FOR REDUCING RELAPSE AND IMPROVING TREATMENT ADHERENCE IN BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDER WITH POOR SOCIO-OCCUPATIONAL FUNCTIONING AND HIGH EXPRESSED EMOTION IN THE FAMILY: A CASE REPORT

Introduction: Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder with an admixture of frequent and recurrent episodes of mania, hypomania, depression, or mixed episodes. More than 1% of the world's population and at least 0.3% of the Indian population are affected by BPAD. We have chosen a case of BPAD with multiple episodes to study the impact of psychosocial intervention in the management of the illness of the affected person and family. The index client, a male, Presentation of the case: 32 years of age, visited the Institute of Psychiatry (IOP) with caregivers and was referred to the psychiatric social work department of the IOP on April 24, 2019, with symptoms of mania and psychosis. He had 7-years history of psychiatric illness, including multiple episodes of mania and depression, as well as frequent irregular medication; burden and conflict, insufficient social support, poor communication and interaction patterns, poor coping and problem-solving skills in the family. Therapists imparted Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT) and family-focused therapy to the client and family members. It was found that there Discussion: was a significant difference between pre- and postpsychosocial interventions in the life and wellbeing of a person with BPAD and his family. Post intervention, client's level of social and occupational functioning was increased, high expressed emotion had been notably decreased, adaptive patterns had been improved, and cohesion in the family had been strengthened. The client and his family members learned to prevent development of future episodes. Conclusion: Psychiatric social work interventions have been a key area in the management of BPAD involving the family, which helps in maintaining a prolonged euthymic period and better treatment compliance.

Trabajo Emocional en grupos ocupacionales de Latinoamérica: Una revisión de alcance / Emotional work in occupational groups of Latin America: A scoping review

Introducción: El Trabajo Emocional deteriora la salud mental de los colaboradores, quienes, en interacción con usuarios, regulan sus emociones para expresar las prescritas en la organización. Objetivo: Mapear sistemáticamente los hallazgos principales sobre el Trabajo Emocional en grupos ocupacionales de Latinoamérica a partir de la revisión de artículos científicos publicados entre 2009 y 2020, mediante una revisión de alcance. Materiales y métodos: A partir de la metodología PRISMA-ScR, se realizó la búsqueda en las bases de datos LILACS, Redalyc, Dialnet, DOAJ, BVS, Gale One File: Psychology y EBSCOhost; con las palabras clave "trabajo emocional" (español), "emotional labor"/"emotional work" (inglés) y "trabalho emocional" (portugués); y una matriz de registro documental como formulario de gráfico de datos. Resultados: De 186 artículos, se seleccionó 17, con las siguientes características: la mayoría fueron de Brasil; grupos de trabajadores en salud y docentes; con definición de trabajo emocional en 6 categorías; y se utilizaron 11 instrumentos de medición. Conclusiones: Existe amplia concepción sobre el trabajo emocional, sin embargo, la evidencia en Latinoamérica aún es limitada, por ello es necesario continuar investigación de su incidencia en diferentes escenarios laborales, para obtener una comprensión global del constructo.

Introduction: Emotional work deteriorates the mental health of employees who interact with the public and therefore must regulate their emotions in order to express those established by the organization. Objective: To systematically map the main findings of Emotional Work in occupational groups of Latin America based on the revision of scientific articles published between 2009 and 2020 through a scoping review. Materials and methods: A PRISMA-ScR methodology with the keywords "trabajo emocional" (Spanish), "emotional labor"/"emotional work" (English) and "trabalho emocional" (Portuguese) was used to search the following databases: LILACS, Redalyc, Dialnet, DOAJ, BVS, Gale One File: Psychology and EBSCOhost. A document record matrix was used as format for data graphic. Results: From 186 articles, 17 were selected with the following characteristics: majority were from Brazil; included health employees and professors; defined emotional work using 6 categories; used 11 measurement instruments. Conclusions: There is a wide understanding of the topic of emotional work, however the evidence in Latin America is limited, which is why it is necessary to continue investigating its incidence in different work environments in order to obtain a global understanding of the construct.

Catatonic Schizophrenia: Impact of Family Members on Patient Outcome

Background: Schizophrenia is defined by basic and recurring cognitive and perceptual abnormalities, as well as inappropriate or dulled affect. And catatonic schizophrenia is characterized by prominent psychomotor disturbances. Methodology: The study was conducted in the months of November and December 2021. The researcher had used a qualitative approach to understand the impact of family members on patient with catatonic schizophrenia. The researcher took permission from the hospital and consent from the patient and his family members to conduct the study. Results: The results indicated that there was an avoid in relapse while staying with low expressed emotion family and the yielded results were similar to decades of research on schizophrenia and EE families. Conclusion: This study proves that there is an impact of family members on patient outcome.

Humillación, educación física y formación superior en ciencias de la actividad física y el deporte: una autoetnografía moderada / Humilhação, educação física e formaçao superior em atividade física e ciências do desporto: uma autoetnografia moderada / Humiliation, physical education and sports tertiary education: a moderate autoethnography

Resumen En Educación Física, el alumnado con baja competencia motriz puede verse humillado. La humillación suele quedar silenciada dentro de las personas que la sufren. Este artículo pretende sacar a la luz y reflexionar sobre los sentimientos de humillación de una alumna de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte (CCAFD). Para ello, la alumna ofrece un relato autoetnográfico que representa sus experiencias de manera semificcional. Dentro del espectro autoetnográfico, se adopta una posición moderada. Tras justificar dicha posición, el artículo presenta algunas reflexiones acerca de cómo el campo de la educación físico-deportiva, y en particular los estudios de CCAFD, generan prácticas y sentimientos de humillación. Se destaca el rol de dos ideologías presentes en Educación Física: la ideología del rendimiento y el sexismo. El artículo concluye resaltando la necesidad de incentivar una sensibilidad ideológica que permita considerar aspectos didácticos, organizativos y evaluativos de las prácticas físico-educativas desde el prisma de la humillación.

Resumo Em Educação Física, os estudantes com baixas capacidades motoras podem ser humilhados. A humilhação é frequentemente silenciada por aqueles que a sofrem. Este artigo traz à luz e reflete sobre os sentimentos de humilhação de uma estudante de Actividade Física e Ciências do Desporto (CCAFD). Para tal, a estudante oferece uma história autoetnográfica que representa as suas experiências de uma forma semificcional. Dentro do espectro autoetnográfico, é adotada uma posição moderada. Depois de justificar esta posição, o artigo apresenta algumas reflexões sobre como o campo da Educação Física e esportes, e em particular os estudos do CCAFD, geram práticas e sentimentos de humilhação. O papel de duas ideologias presentes na Educação Física é destacado: a ideologia do desempenho e o sexismo. O artigo conclui salientando a necessidade de encorajar uma sensibilidade ideológica que permita a consideração de aspectos didácticos, organizacionais e avaliativos das práticas físico-educacionais sob a perspectiva da humilhação.

Abstract Students with poor motor skills may feel humiliated in PE classes, but they often supress it. This paper aims to reveal and reflect on the supressed feelings of humiliation of a Physical Education and Sport Tertiary Education (PESTE) student. In order to do so, the student offers an autoethnographic story that represents her experiences in a semi-fictional way. Within the autoethnographic spectrum, a moderate position is justified and adopted. This paper presents some reflections on how the ideologies of performance and sexism in the field of Physical Education and sport, and in the PESTE degree in particular, create practices and feelings of humiliation. The conclusions drawn from this study emphasize the need to encourage ideological sensitivity that allows considering educational, organizational, and evaluative aspects of Physical Education practices through those who may feel humiliated.

A study of expressed emotion, perceived stress and socio-demographic profile in patients of dissociative disorder

Background: Dissociation is understood as one of coping mechanism to deal with intense stressors. Individuals vary widely in their subjective response to a similar stressful event depending on number of factors including their family and social support system. So, authors tried to study the expressed emotion in patients of dissociative disorder along with other socio-demographic factors and its relation with perceived stress.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done on 100 patients with primary diagnosis of dissociative disorder. Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D) was used to assess comorbid Depressive symptoms and Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A) was used to asses comorbid anxiety symptoms. Perceived stress scale (PSS) was used to assess the perception of stress. Family emotional involvement and criticism scale (FEICS) was used to measure perceived criticism (PC) and intensity of emotional involvement (EI).Results: Mean perceived stress in this study was 25.8. Mean score for perceived criticism (PC) was 16.5 and emotional involvement (EI) was 15.7. Both measures of expressed emotions were significantly higher in females and subjects belonging to joint families and rural area. In this study perceived stress by subjects was significantly (p=0.001) correlated to perceived criticism (Pearson r = 0.78) and emotional involvement (Pearson r = 0.77).Conclusions: High perceived criticism and emotion over involvement of family member was associated with perceived stress in dissociation patients.

Validação de conteúdo e aparência de manual educativo para promoção da saúde mental infantil / Validation of content and appearance of an educational manual to promote children's mental health

RESUMO Objetivo validar o conteúdo e a aparência de um manual educativo para promoção da saúde mental infantil. Métodos trata-se de estudo metodológico, do qual participaram 16 especialistas (profissionais da saúde e educação) e seis do público-alvo (enfermeiros). O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo e o Índice de Concordância foram calculados conforme resposta ao instrumento, que avaliava objetivos, aparência, estrutura, organização, relevância e didática do manual. Resultados o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo foi de 0,984 para o público-alvo, e o Índice de Concordância foi de 100,0%. As principais modificações foram no título, nos objetivos e no referencial teórico, com exclusão de oficinas e revisão ortográfica e gramatical. Conclusão o manual apresentou Índices de Validade de Conteúdo e de Concordância satisfatórios. Ele pode auxiliar o enfermeiro e demais profissionais da saúde na promoção da saúde mental de crianças, difundindo o desenvolvimento da inteligência emocional.

ABSTRACT Objective to validate the content and appearance of an educational manual to promote children's mental health. Methods this is a methodological study, in which 16 specialists (health and education professionals) and six of the target audience (nurses) participated. The Content Validity Index and the Agreement Index were calculated according to the response to the instrument, which assessed the objectives, appearance, structure, organization, relevance and didactics of the manual. Results the Content Validity Index was 0.984 for the target audience, and the Agreement Index was 100.0%. The main changes were in the title, objectives and theoretical framework, excluding workshops and spelling and grammatical revision. Conclusion the manual presented satisfactory Content Validity and Agreement indexes. It can assist nurses and other health professionals in promoting children's mental health, promoting the development of emotional intelligence.

A relação entre emoção expressa e variáveis sociodemográficas, estresse precoce e sintomas de estresse em cuidadores informais de pessoas com transtornos mentais / The relationship between expressed emotion and sociodemographic variables, early stress and stress symptoms in informal caregivers of people with mental disorders

Resumo Introdução Mudanças geradas pela reforma psiquiátrica brasileira reaproximaram as pessoas com transtornos mentais de suas famílias, que passaram a ser responsáveis pela oferta de cuidados. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a emoção expressa, o estresse precoce e os sintomas de estresse entre cuidadores informais de pessoas com transtornos mentais no momento da internação psiquiátrica. Método Participaram 112 cuidadores. Para coleta de dados foram utilizados quatro instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico, Family Questionnaire - Versão Português do Brasil, Questionário sobre Traumas na Infância e Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse para adultos de Lipp. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas, bivariadas e de regressão logística. Os cuidadores foram avaliados com alta emoção expressa tanto no componente superenvolvimento emocional quanto no componente comentários críticos. Resultados O componente superenvolvimento emocional da emoção expressa foi significativamente associado com o estresse precoce e com a fase dos sintomas de estresse. O estresse precoce, a idade e a escolaridade dos cuidadores foram identificadas como variáveis preditoras de alta emoção expressa. Conclusão Esses resultados confirmam a relevância dessas variáveis para o planejamento de ações de assistência no contexto da saúde mental.

Abstract Introduction Changes resulting in Brazilian psychiatric reform brought people with mental disorders closer to their families, who became responsible for the offer of care. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expressed emotion, the early stress, and the stress symptoms among informal caregivers of people with mental disorders at the time of psychiatric hospitalization. Method 112 caregivers participated. Four instruments were used to collect data: socio-demographic questionnaire, Family Questionnaire - Brazilian Portuguese Version (FQ-BPV), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Lipp Adult Stress Symptom Inventory (ISLL). Descriptive, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed. Caregivers were assessed with high emotion expressed both in the emotional over-involvement component and in the critical comments component. Results The emotional over-involvement component of expressed emotion was significantly associated with early stress and stage of stress symptoms. Early stress, age, and the education level of caregivers were identified as predictive variables of high expressed emotion. Conclusion These results confirm the relevance of these variables for the planning of care actions in the context of mental health.

Effectiveness of behavioral family therapy in people with schizophrenia: a randomized, controlled clinical trial / Efectividad de la terapia familiar conductual en personas con esquizofrenia. Un ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of FBT in comparison with usual care in people with schizophrenia treated at an outpatient psychiatric department of a public hospital in Chile. Method Quantitative study, with a randomized, controlled clinical trial design (CTCT) and pre-post measurements, with two arms. Fifty-four people with schizophrenia and their primary caregivers, randomly assigned to experimental and control groups, were studied. The main outcome variable was social functioning. As secondary outcomes, clinical symptoms and treatment adherence in people with schizophrenia were evaluated. Expressed emotion was evaluated in the primary caregiver. Results FBT was effective in improving the social functioning of people with schizophrenia and decreasing expressed emotion in the primary caregiver, with a large effect size (d > 0.80). Conclusions The implementation of FBT as a protocolized intervention, complementing usual care, helps to improve psychosocial outcomes in people with schizophrenia and their caregivers.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la efectividad de la TFC, respecto de los cuidados usuales, en personas con esquizofrenia atendidas en un servicio de psiquiatría ambulatorio de un hospital público de Chile. Método Estudio cuantitativo, longitudinal, con diseño de ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado (ECCA) y mediciones pre-post, a dos brazos. Se estudiaron 54 personas con esquizofrenia y sus cuidadores principales, asignados aleatoriamente a grupo control y experimental. La variable de resultado primaria fue el funcionamiento social; como resultados secundarios se evaluaron la sintomatología clínica y la adherencia a tratamiento del paciente y la emoción expresada en el cuidador principal. Resultados La TFC fue efectiva en el mejoramiento del funcionamiento social de la persona con esquizofrenia y en la disminución de la emocionalidad expresada en el cuidador principal, con un tamaño de efecto grande (d > 0.80). Conclusiones La implementación de la TFC, como intervención protocolizada y complementaria a los cuidados usuales, contribuye a mejorar resultados psicosociales en personas con esquizofrenia y en sus cuidadores.

Recaídas de pacientes no primeiro episódio psicótico e fatores relacionados: estudo prospectivo / Relapses of patients with a first episode of psychosis and related factors: prospective study

As recaídas e as reinternações podem piorar o prognóstico do paciente no primeiro episódio psicótico (PEP) e afetar sua qualidade de vida e de sua família. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os fatores relacionados às recaídas psicóticas de pacientes no PEP, tais como o ambiente familiar: níveis de emoção expressa (EE) e seus componentes - comentários críticos (CC) e superenvolvimento emocional (SEE), adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso, uso de substâncias psicoativas (SPA) e a presença de depressão. Estudo de coorte prospectivo realizado com pacientes em seguimento em um ambulatório de PEP de um hospital universitário e seus familiares. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevista com os pacientes e seus familiares no período de julho de 2017 a dezembro de 2018. Na baseline foram aplicados aos familiares um formulário contendo dados sociodemográficos e o Family Questionnaire - Versão Português do Brasil (FQ-VPB). Aos pacientes foram aplicados um formulário contendo dados sociodemográficos e clínicos, a Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos (MAT), o Questionário para triagem do uso de álcool, tabaco e outras substâncias (ASSIST/OMS), a Escala de Severidade da Dependência de Drogas (SDS) para avaliar o uso de cannabis e o Módulo A da Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I), versão brasileira 5.0.0. para avaliar a presença de depressão. Além disso, os pacientes foram submetidos a avaliações dos sintomas psicóticos durante o período de seis meses após a entrevista inicial (T0 a T6) por meio da aplicação da Escala Breve de Avaliação Psiquiátrica (BPRS). Para análise dos dados utilizou-se de estatística descritiva, análise bivariada e regressão logística binária. O nível de significância adotado foi de ? = 0,05. Quanto aos resultados, 29,2% dos pacientes no PEP apresentaram recidiva de sintomas psicóticos durante o período de seguimento de seis meses. A análise de regressão logística binária sugere que ambiente familiar com elevados níveis de SEE, a presença de sintomas depressivos e o uso de cannabis nos últimos três meses por pacientes na fase inicial da psicose foram preditores da ocorrência de recaídas durante seis meses de seguimento prospectivo. Os resultados deste estudo podem auxiliar na implementação de ações voltadas à prevenção de recaídas e promoção de saúde para pacientes no PEP e suas famílias

Relapses and rehospitalizations may worsen the patient's prognosis in the first episode of psychosis (FEP) and affect his/her quality of life and the quality of life of patients' family members. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the related factors to psychotic relapses in FEP patients, such as the family environment: levels of expressed emotion (EE) and its components - critical comments (CC) and emotional overinvolvement (EOI); adherence to drug treatment; use of psychoactive substances (PAS); and the presence of depression. A prospective cohort study with 65 FEP outpatients followed-up at a university hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil and their relatives. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with the patients and their relatives from July 2017 to December 2018. At baseline were applied to the family members a sociodemographic data questionnaire and the Brazilian version of Family Questionnaire (FQ-VPB). For the FEP patients were applied a sociodemographic and clinical data questionnaire, the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS); the Brazilian version of Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST/WHO); the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) to evaluate the cannabis use and the Module A of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to evaluate the presence of depression. Additionally, patients were submitted to evaluations regarding the presence of relapses through the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) during six-months after the initial interview (T0 to T6). Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The level of significance was ? = 0.05. Regarding the results, 29.2% of the patients in the FEP presented relapse of psychotic symptoms during the sixmonth follow-up period. Binary logistic regression analysis suggests that family environment with high levels of EOI, the presence of depressive symptoms and cannabis use in the last three months by patients with early psychosis were predictors of relapse occurrence during six-months of follow-up. The results of this study may help in the implementation of actions aimed to relapse prevention and health promotion for patients in FEP and their families

Mediating Effects of Emotional Venting via Instant Messaging (IM) and Positive Emotion in the Relationship between Negative Emotion and Depression

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effects of emotional venting via instant messaging (IM) and positive emotion in the relationship between negative emotion and depression.METHODS: Online survey was conducted in Korea between 2 April and 7 April 2019. To obtain samples with representativeness, data were gathered by the professional research firm. A total of 250 Koreans were participated in this study. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and SPSS PROCESS macro to test the mediating effects.RESULTS: This study analyzed the direct/indirect effects of negative emotion on emotional venting via IM, in the relationship between positive emotion and depression. Negative emotion had indirect effects on depression through emotional venting via IM and positive emotion. Both emotional venting via IM and positive emotion had dual mediating effects in the influence of negative emotion on depression.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that it is important to manage negative emotion to prevent depression. Also, this study confirmed that emotional venting via IM is a powerful factor influencing emotional recovery.

Entrelaçamento voz e emoção na percepção docente sob a ótica da fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty / Entrelazado de voz y emoción en la percepción docente bajo la óptica de la fenomenología de Merleau-Ponty / Interweaving voice and emotion as perceived by teachers from the point of view of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology

A voz é uma ferramenta de trabalho do professor, refletindo suas condições de saúde e emoções. Este estudo objetiva compreender a percepção de professoras sobre o entrelaçamento de voz e emoções. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo realizado a partir de grupos focais com 26 professoras do ensino fundamental. Utilizou-se a fenomenologia da percepção de Merleau-Ponty para análise dos dados, conduzindo- se pela noção de corpo e de entrelaçamento homem e mundo. As categorias identificadas foram: "desdobramentos do trabalho na voz, no corpo e nas emoções" e "emoções no corpo expressos pela voz". As discussões mostram a não separabilidade corpo e mente e a percepção da voz como um modo de vivenciar o corpo e as emoções. A noção de corpo próprio, complexo e sistémico extrapola o entendimento de corpo orgânico-biológico e contribui com a ampliação dos debates sobre a saúde vocal do professor.(AU)

La voz es una herramienta de trabajo del profesor, reflejando sus condiciones de salud y emociones. El objetivo de este estudio es comprender la percepción de las profesoras sobre el entrelazado de la voz y las emociones. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo realizado a partir de grupos focales con 26 profesoras de la Enseñanza Fundamental. Se utilizó la fenomenología de la percepción de Merleau-Ponty para análisis de los datos, conduciéndose por la noción de cuerpo y de entrelazado hombre y mundo. Las categorías identificadas fueron: "desdoblamientos del trabajo en la voz, en el cuerpo y en las emociones" y "emociones en el cuerpo expresadas por la voz". Las discusiones muestran la inseparabilidad cuerpo y mente y la percepción de la voz como un modo de vivir el cuerpo y las emociones. La noción de cuerpo propio, complejo, sistémico, extrapola el entendimiento del cuerpo orgánico-biológico y contribuye a la ampliación de los debates sobre la salud vocal del profesor.(AU)

Voice is an essential tool of the work of teachers, reflecting their health and emotional conditions. The aim of this study was to understand the perception of teachers about how voice and emotion are interwoven. This was a qualitative study using focus groups with 26 elementary school teachers. Data analysis was based on the phenomenology of perception proposed by Merleau-Ponty, guided by his notion of the body and the interweaving of man and world. The resulting categories were: "consequences of the job on the voice, the body and emotions" and "emotions in the body expressed through the voice". Discussions showed the indissociability of the mind and body and the perception of the voice as a way of experiencing the body and emotions. The notion of the "own body", which is complex and systemic, surpasses the organic-biological understanding of the body and helps expand debate about the vocal health of teachers.(AU)

Mundos vitales de palabras: análisis del sufrimiento adolescente mediante narrativas de malestar / Vital worlds of words: an analysis of adolescent through emotional distress narratives / Mundos vitais de palavras: análise do sofrimento adolescente mediante narrativas de malestar

Resumen (analítico): Las elevadas tasas de evitación/infrautilización de los servicios desalud mental adolescente señalan la preferencia de este colectivo por autoatender sus malestares. Integrar los saberes juveniles mediante un enfoque hermenéutico y de interpretación de narrativas permite esclarecer las razones de dicha preferencia pues da a conocer, a partir del análisis de nosologías legas, los modos en los que la juventud percibe, siente y vivencia el malestar. Se empleó metodología cualitativa, realizándose entrevistas semi-estructuradas a una muestra representativa de 105 informantes catalanes y catalanas. Los resultados muestran un continuum nosológico lego que incluye términos coloquiales y biomédicos articulándolos en distintos gradientes de malestar. Normalización y patologización, así como durabilidad y severidad del malestar, devienen conceptos clave en la conformación del continuum. Observándose diferencias por subgrupos de estudio y género.

Abstract (analytical): Avoiding mental health services indicate that adolescents prefer to engage in self-care to treat their emotional distress. In order to clarify the reasons for this preference the author analyzes the lay nosology that adolescents use to name their emotional distress using a hermeneutic and interpretative approach. The study uses a qualitative methodology through 105 semi-structured interviews with a sample of adolescents and young people from Catalonia (Spain). Results show the existence of a lay nosology continuum, articulating the gradient of emotional distress that forms their vital worlds; temporality, normalization and severity are key concepts that shape this suffering. Differences between subgroups and genders were observed. Recognition of these lay nosologies allows better access to the ways in which emotional distress is perceived, felt and lived. This could lead to improvements in the communication between adolescents and professionals.

Resumo (analítico): A evasão dos serviços de saúde mental indica a preferência dos jovens pelo autoatenção de seus desconfortos. Para esclarecer as razões para esta preferência se analisam as nosologias leigas que os jovens usam para nomear aos seus mal-estares a partir de uma aproximação hermenêutica e interpretativa; foram desenvolvidas entrevistas semiestruturadas a uma amostra de adolescentes e jovens na Catalunha (Espanha). Os resultados desvelam a existência de um continuo nosológico que articula os gradientes de mal-estar emocional dos mundos vitais adolescentes sobre aspectos como temporalidade, normalização e severidade. Foram observados diferentes subgrupos de estudo e de gênero. O conhecimento das nosologias leigas permite um acesso aos modos em que o sofrimento é percebido, sentido e vivido e, como consequência, pode implicar numa melhor comunicação entres jovens e profissionais da saúde.

Emoção expressa de familiares e recaídas psiquiátricas de pacientes com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia / Emoción expresada de familiares y recaídas de pacientes con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia / Expressed emotion of family members and psychiatric relapses of patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre recaídas psiquiátricas de pacientes com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, níveis de emoção expressa de seus familiares e fatores relacionados. Método: Estudo prospectivo, realizado em um serviço ambulatorial de saúde mental e em dois Centros de Atenção Psicossocial, com pacientes e familiares que responderam ao Family Questionnaire − Versão Português do Brasil, um formulário contendo as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas e um roteiro estruturado para avaliação de recaídas. Para a análise, utilizou-se do modelo de regressão logística. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 89 díades. Dos pacientes investigados, 31% apresentaram recaídas, e 68% dos familiares, elevada emoção expressa. A relação entre a emoção expressa e as recaídas não foi significativa. A análise de regressão logística mostrou que quanto maior o número de internação nos 2 anos precedentes ao estudo, a chance de o paciente apresentar recaídas no período de 24 meses é de 1,34. Conclusão: A emoção expressa foi insuficiente para predizer recaídas. Assim, as recaídas devem ser compreendidas como um fenômeno multifatorial. Esses resultados fornecem subsídios para intervenções e investigações sobre os múltiplos fatores envolvidos na evolução do paciente com esquizofrenia, acompanhado em serviços de saúde mental de base comunitária.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre recaídas psiquiátricas de pacientes con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, niveles de emoción expresada de sus familiares y factores relacionados. Método: Estudio prospectivo, llevado a cabo en un servicio de ambulatorio de salud mental y en dos Centros de Atención Psicosocial, con pacientes y familiares que respondieron al Family Questionnaire − Versión Portugués de Brasil, un formulario conteniendo las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas y un guión estructurado para evaluación de recaídas. Para el análisis, se utilizó el modelo de regresión logística. Resultados: Participaron en el estudio 189 pares. De los pacientes investigados, el 31% presentaron recaídas, y el 68% de los familiares, elevada emoción expresada. La relación entre la emoción expresada y las recaídas no fue significativa. El análisis de regresión logística mostró que cuanto mayor el número de estancias hospitalarias en los dos años precedentes al estudio, la probabilidad de que el paciente presente recaídas en el período de 24 meses es de 1,34. Conclusión: La emoción expresada fue insuficiente para predecir recaídas. De esa manera, las recaídas deben comprenderse como un fenómeno multifactorial. Dichos resultados brindan subsidios para intervenciones e investigaciones acerca de los múltiples factores involucrados en la evolución del paciente con esquizofrenia, acompañado en servicios de salud mental de base comunitaria.

ABSTRACT Objective: Assess the relationship between psychiatric relapses of patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, the levels of expressed emotion among their relatives and related factors. Method: Prospective study carried out at a mental health outpatient clinic and two Psychosocial Care Centers, with patients and relatives responding to the Family Questionnaire - Brazilian Portuguese Version, a form containing socio-demographic and clinical variables and a structured script to assess relapses. A logistic regression model was used for the analysis. Results: A total of 89 dyads participated in the study. Of the patients investigated, 31% presented relapses and, among the relatives, 68% presented elevated levels of expressed emotion. The relationship between expressed emotion and the relapses was not significant. The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that when there were a higher number of hospital admissions in the two years preceding the study, the chance of the patient relapsing in the 24-month period is 1.34. Conclusion: Expressed emotion was insufficient to predict relapses. Thus, a relapse should be understood as a multifactorial phenomenon. These results provide support for interventions and investigations on the multiple factors involved in the evolution of schizophrenia patients in follow-up at community-based health services.

Psychopathology and alexithymia in patients with psoriasis

Abstract: Background: Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory, relapsing skin disease that has a psychosocial impact on the patients' life. Objective: This study aimed to investigate psychopathology in patients with psoriasis based on a valid psychometric instrument, as well as on the relationship between psychopathology and alexithymia. Methods: 108 patients with psoriasis were included in the study. Psychopathology was evaluated with the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and alexithymia with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Disease severity was clinically assessed using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index. Results: As regards the psychopathological dimensions, female patients presented with statistically significant higher somatization, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, and psychoticism than males. Patients with alexithymia presented with statistically significant higher somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, and phobic anxiety than non-alexithymic patients. Alexithymia positively correlated with somatization (r = 0.26, p < 0.01), interpersonal sensitivity (r = 0.24, p < 0.05), depression (r = 0.27, p < 0.01), anxiety (r = 0.26, p < 0.01), and phobic anxiety (r = 0.26, p < 0.01). In addition, alexithymia also contributed to the prediction of these conditions. Study Limitations: A larger study sample could yield safer generalized results. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, this was the first study to investigate various psychopathological dimensions in patients with psoriasis. Conclusions: Our study results indicate that alexithymia and female sex were associated with several psychopathological dimensions in patients with psoriasis. It may be suggested that alexithymia constitutes an important factor in the development of mental disorders among patients with psoriasis.

Influência da iluminação nas expressões emocionais de parturientes: ensaio clínico randomizado / Lighting impact on the emotional expression of pregnant women: a randomized clinical trial

Resumo Objetivo Identificar e comparar as expressões emocionais das parturientes no período expulsivo sob iluminação comum e usual e com baixa luminosidade. Métodos Ensaio clínico, controlado e randomizado de abordagem pragmática. Selecionado 95 parturientes, divididas em dois grupos: iluminação comum e usual e baixa luminosidade da sala de parto. Resultados A emoção mais presente no período expulsivo é a raiva (33,9%). As diferenças entre os grupos do estudo quanto à presença de emoções são significativas: medo (p< 0,0001), nojo (p = 0,0091) e tristeza (p = 0,0060) estiveram mais presentes no grupo de iluminação comum e usual. Já o grupo de baixa luminosidade apresentou mais alegria (p< 0,0001) e raiva (p< 0,0001). Todas as parturientes terminaram seus partos com a emoção alegria. Conclusão O ambiente com baixa luminosidade promove uma sequência de emoções que respeita e auxilia a fisiologia do período expulsivo do trabalho de parto.

Abstract Objective To identify and compare the emotional expression of pregnant women during the stage of expulsion under common and regular lighting and low lighting. Methods Pragmatic, randomized controlled clinical trial. Ninety-five pregnant women were selected, and divided into two groups: common and regular lighting and low lighting in the delivery room. Results The most evident emotion during the stage of expulsion is anger (33.9%). The differences between the study groups regarding the presence of emotions are significant: fear (p< 0.0001), disgust (p = 0.0091), and sadness (p = 0.0060) were more evident for the group under common and regular lighting. The group under low lighting expressed more joy (p< 0.0001) and anger (p< 0.0001). All pregnant women finished their deliveries feeling joy. Conclusion Low lighting provides a series of emotions that respect and help women's physiology during the stage of expulsion in labor.

Effects of different analgesics combined with propofol of intravenous anesthesia on postoperative analgesia and emotion in patients of artificial abortion / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of different analgesics combined with propofol of intravenous anesthesia on postoperative analgesia and emotion in patients of artificial abortion. Methods One hundred and twenty-two patients who had underwent painless artificial abortion were selected. The patients were divided into 4 groups by random digits table method: simple propofol group (C group, 29 cases), fentanyl combined with propofol group (F group, 30 cases), oxycodone combined with propofol group (Q group, 30 cases) and sufentanil combined with propofol group (S group, 33 cases). The induced dose of propofol was 2.5 mg/kg. When patients had limb movement during operation, a single addition of propofol 0.5 mg/kg was added until the body movement disappeared. The changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate and respiratory rate before and after operation were compared among the 4 groups. The emotional status was assessed with affective scale before operation and 1 h after operation. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the degree of abdominal pain at 10, 30 and 60 min after palinesthesia. The propofol dose, operation time, recovery time and adverse reaction were recorded. Results No obvious adverse reactions were found during the operation. There was no statistical difference in operation time among 4 groups (P>0.05). The propofol dose, recovery time, body movement and the VAS score at 10, 30, 60 min after palinesthesia in F group, Q group and S group were significantly lower than those in C group, and there were statistical differences (P0.05). The MAP, heart rate and respiratory rate at beginning of the surgery and during the surgery were significantly lower than that before anesthesia in the 4 groups, and there were statistical differences (P0.05). The positive affective score after operation in C group, F group, Q group and S group was significantly higher than that before operation: (24.6 ± 5.6) scores vs. (21.7 ± 6.2) scores, (24.6 ± 3.1) scores vs. (20.6 ± 4.6) scores, (28.3 ± 6.3) scores vs. (20.8 ± 5.3) scores and (25.2 ± 5.4) scores vs. (19.9 ± 4.8) scores, and the negative affective score after operation in C group, F group, Q group and S group was significantly lower than that before operation: (17.0 ± 5.3) scores vs. (29.7 ± 7.4) scores, (17.2 ± 3.0) scores vs. (30.8 ± 5.0) scores, (16.1 ± 5.1) scores vs. (30.4 ± 4.9) scores and (17.9 ± 4.0) scores vs. (32.1 ± 5.5) scores, and there were statistical differences (P0.05). Conclusions The fentanyl, sufentanil and oxycodone combined with propofol of intravenous anesthesia in patients underwent artificial abortion can reduce propofol dose, shorten recovery time, improve positive affective score, decrease negative affective score and strengthen the analgesic effect, and doesn't increase the adverse reaction. The respiratory and circulatory inhibition effects of different analgesics combined with propofol of intravenous anesthesia were similar, but oxycodone can increase positive affective score.

Relationships between Experiencing Verbal Violence and the Emotional Responses and Coping Behaviors of Dental Hygienists / 치위생과학회지

This study investigated the relationships between experiencing verbal violence and the emotional responses and coping behaviors of dental hygienists who worked in Jeonju between February 24 and March 18, 2017 to prepare strategies for managing verbal violence and establish a healthy working environment for dental hygienists. The following findings were obtained in this study. The dental hygienists primarily experienced verbal violence from patients and guardians (1.67 points). The most common verbal violence type was, “Someone treated me impolitely.” The most common emotional response to verbal violence was “anger” (3.52 points). The coping style of most dental hygienists was problem-focused coping (3.28 points), followed by emotion-focused coping (2.75 points). Most hygienists with the problem-focused coping style stated that they resolve the problem through dialogue (3.51 points), while most hygienists with the emotion-focused coping style responded that they just ignore the situation (3.78 points). The relationship between experiencing verbal violence and the emotional responses and coping behaviors of dental hygienists showed a statistically significant positive correlation (p<0.05) with emotional responses and problem- and emotion-focused coping associated with experiencing verbal violence from dentists, patients, and guardians. These findings confirm the need to reduce verbal violence, control emotional responses after exposure to verbal violence, and use more problem-focused coping measures. Dental hygienists must develop interpersonal skills and communication techniques and promote professionalism in their workplace to protect themselves from verbal violence at work.

Mood State of Women with Breast Cancer and that of Their Spouses / Estado de ânimo em mulheres com câncer de mama e seus esposos / Estado de ánimo en mujeres con cáncer de mama y en sus parejas

Abstract Objectives. This work sought to determine mood levels of women subjected to treatments for breast cancer and of their spouses. Methods. Descriptive cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic sampling. The profile of mood states (POMS) instrument, Spanish version, was applied to a sample of 103 couples from five Colombian cities. Results. The mood level in women reported a mean of 61.4 ± 5.7 and 60.7 ± 4.9 in their spouses, without being statistically significant. Upon analyzing the score of the mood subscales, statistically significant differences were only noted in tension (higher score in spouses) and fatigue (higher score in women). Conclusion. The emotional area was moderately affected in the study couples, which could be consequential of late effects of the treatments for breast cancer. Nursing must develop care actions that promote the emotional wellbeing of women with breast cancer and include participation from the spouses.

Resumo Objetivos. Determinar o nível do estado de ânimo das mulheres submetidas a tratamentos por Câncer de mama e o dos seus esposos. Métodos. Estudo descritivo de corte transversal com amostragem não probabilístico. Se aplicou o instrumento Perfil de estados de ânimo - POMS, versão espanhola, a uma amostra de 103 casais de cinco cidades colombianas. Resultados. O nível de estado de ânimo nas mulheres reportou média de 61.4±5.7 e nos seus esposos 60.7±4.9, sem ser estatisticamente significativas. Quando se analisou a pontuação das sub-escalas de Estado de Ânimo se apreciaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas tão só as de tensão (pontuação maior em esposos) e fatiga (pontuação maior em mulheres). Conclusão. A área emocional se afetou moderadamente nos casais do estudo, o que poderia ser consequência dos efeitos tardios dos tratamentos por Câncer de mama. A enfermagem deve desenvolver ações de cuidado nas quais se promovam o bem-estar emocional das mulheres com câncer de mama e inclua a participação dos esposos.

Resumen Objetivos. Determinar el nivel del estado de ánimo de las mujeres sometidas a tratamientos por cáncer de mama y el de sus parejas. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con muestreo no probabilístico. Se aplicó el instrumento Perfil de estados de ánimo - POMS, versión española, a una muestra de 103 parejas de cinco ciudades colombianas. Resultados. El nivel de estado de ánimo en las mujeres reportó media de 61.4±5.7; en sus parejas, 60.7±4.9, sin ser estadísticamente significativas. Cuando se analizó el puntaje de las subescalas de Estado de Ánimo se apreciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas tan solo las de tensión (puntaje mayor en esposos) y fatiga (puntaje mayor en mujeres). Conclusión. El área emocional se afectó moderadamente en las parejas de estudio, lo que podría ser consecuencia de los efectos tardíos de los tratamientos por cáncer de mama. Enfermería debe desarrollar acciones de cuidado en las que se promuevan el bienestar emocional de las mujeres con cáncer de mama e incluyan la participación de sus parejas.